अध्याय 13

अध्याय १३: क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञविभागयोग

Chapter 13: The Yoga of the Field and the Knower of the Field

क्षेत्र (शरीर) आणि क्षेत्रज्ञ (आत्मा) यांतील भेद आणि त्याचे ज्ञान.

The distinction between the Kshetra (the body/field) and the Kshetrajna (the soul/knower of the field), and the knowledge thereof.

अर्जुन प्रकृती, पुरुष, क्षेत्र, क्षेत्रज्ञ, ज्ञान आणि ज्ञेय याबद्दल विचारतो. श्रीकृष्ण उत्तर देतात: हे शरीर 'क्षेत्र' (the field) आहे आणि जो या शरीराला जाणतो, तो 'क्षेत्रज्ञ' (the knower of the field) आहे. सर्व क्षेत्रांमध्ये क्षेत्रज्ञ ते स्वतःच आहेत, असे ते सांगतात. क्षेत्र आणि क्षेत्रज्ञ यांच्यातील भेद जाणणे हेच खरे 'ज्ञान' आहे.

Arjuna inquires about Prakriti (nature), Purusha (the enjoyer), the field and its knower, knowledge, and the object of knowledge. Shri Krishna replies: This body is called the 'Kshetra' (the field), and one who knows this body is called the 'Kshetrajna' (the knower of the field). He declares that He Himself is the knower in all fields. To understand the distinction between the field and the knower of the field is true 'knowledge'.

श्रीकृष्ण क्षेत्राचे स्वरूप (पंचमहाभूते, इंद्रिये, मन, बुद्धी, अहंकार इत्यादी) आणि त्यातील विकार (इच्छा, द्वेष, सुख, दुःख) यांचे वर्णन करतात. त्यानंतर ते ज्ञानाची वीस लक्षणे सांगतात, जसे की विनम्रता, अहिंसा, क्षमा, गुरुसेवा, शुद्धता, आत्मसंयम इत्यादी. याउलट जे आहे ते अज्ञान होय. शेवटी ते 'ज्ञेय' (the object of knowledge) म्हणजे परब्रह्माचे वर्णन करतात, जे अनादी, सत् आणि असत् यापलीकडचे आहे. तेच प्रकृती आणि पुरुषाच्या संयोगाने सृष्टी निर्माण करतात.

Shri Krishna describes the nature of the field (the five great elements, senses, mind, intelligence, ego, etc.) and its modifications (desire, hatred, happiness, distress). He then lists twenty items of knowledge, such as humility, nonviolence, tolerance, service to the guru, purity, self-control, etc. Whatever is contrary to this is ignorance. Finally, He describes the 'Jneya' (the object of knowledge), which is the Supreme Brahman, who is beginningless and subordinate to Him, and lies beyond the cause and effect of this material world. It is the combination of Prakriti and Purusha that creates the universe.

इंद्रियांचेनि मेळे । जो भोगी सुखदुःखाचे सोहळे । तो आत्मा वेगळा खेळे । साक्षीभूत ॥

Through the assembly of the senses, he who experiences the festivals of happiness and sorrow, that soul plays separately, as a witness.

Silhouette of a person with a glowing soul